Iron+and+steel


 * Wrought iron** is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content, in comparison to steel, and has fibrous inclusions, known as slag. This is what gives it a "grain" resembling wood, which is visible when it is etched or bent to the point of failure. Wrought iron is tough, malleable, ductile and easily welded. Historically, it was known as "commercially pure iron", however it no longer qualifies because current standards for commercially pure iron require a carbon content of less than 0.008 wt%(//weight-weight percentage//).

The adaptation of ironclad warships Railways Rivets Nails Chains Water and Steam pipes
 * It uses:**

Wrought iron is no longer produced on a commercial scale. True wrought iron is required for the authentic conservation of historic structures.

**Do you think metals are "cold" materials? Explain**

Metals are cold materials because this way theu are easy to work with. By this method metals can be forced into new shapes at room temperature by **cold working**. There are a number of methods including:


 * cold rolling**: the metal strip is passed between two rolls that have only a narrow gap between them
 * drawing**: the metal is pulled through a small hole in a die.
 * deep drawing**:a punch forces the metal sheet into a die. This is the process used to make seamless tubes and some cans (sometimes cans are formed from a flat sheet and welded).
 * pressing**:a metal sheet is pressed onto a shaped die or mould to form an intricate shape such as a car body panel.

**Post-reading activities**

If you look through the window is hard to find nowadays structures created with iron but the iron building didn't die; it is just an evolution process that materials suffered. It was supplanted by other elements created through the technology with better qualities to improve the architecture. Today iron is used for other projects.
 * “the old cast iron buildings died out. I'm not really sure whether the new skyscrapers killed them, or the new esthetics”**

(clik to enlarge)
 * Create a timeline of the evolution in the use of metals in history**